Note: problem difficulty is ranked using a star system.

• (*) One-star problems are fundamental to the unit, and can be done relatively quickly. Use these problems to introduce yourself to the material.

• (**) Two-star problems are more difficult, and require an understanding of one or two key concepts. Use these problems to test your understanding of the material.

• (***) Three-star problems are the most difficult, and require some creative thinking in addition to a deep familiarity with multiple key concepts. Use these problems to challenge yourself; if you can complete one of these, you’re on your way to mastering the material.

Q1.1)

Q1.2